This report presents an assessment of Bhutan’s seed systems. The assessment has two analytical entry points. First, we characterize Bhutan’s national seed system by mapping and assessing the roles and activities of seed system actors across three seed system functions: variety management, seed production, and seed dissemination. Second, we examine the seed security outcomes in selected districts by assessing farmers’ perspectives on varietal suitability, seed availability, quality, and access. Finally, we present recommendations by function to address the system and security challenges identified.